SS-31 (Elamipretide) 10mg
$43.00
A mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, supplied as 10 mg of sterile lyophilized powder for in-vitro study.
What is SS-31?
SS-31 (also known as elamipretide and MTP-131) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that concentrates selectively in the inner mitochondrial membrane through cardiolipin binding. Its alternating aromatic-cationic structure and 3+ net charge drive accumulation without any receptor or transporter, where it stabilizes cardiolipin-rich cristae and supports the scaffold that organizes Complex I–IV respiratory supercomplexes. The non-canonical 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) residue at position 2 acts as a radical sink that scavenges reactive oxygen species at the membrane source.
Research areas where laboratories buy SS-31 for in vitro work include cardiolipin-binding studies in isolated mitochondria and inner-membrane vesicles, ROS-scavenging assays leveraging the dimethyltyrosine radical sink, electron-transport-chain efficiency in permeabilized cardiac and skeletal-muscle fibers, kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury models in rodents, primary mitochondrial myopathy research using tafazzin (TAZ) knockdown Barth-syndrome models, and neuroprotection in retinal ganglion cell cultures. SS-31 is an investigational compound developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics and is not an approved medicine.
Every lot, independently verified
Compound information
Chemical & structural reference data — specifications, molecular profile and handling.
SS-31 Mechanism of Action
- Concentrates selectively in the inner mitochondrial membrane through cardiolipin binding, driven by the 3+ net charge and alternating aromatic-cationic structure — not through any receptor or transporter.
- Stabilizes cardiolipin-rich cristae curvature, supporting the scaffold that organizes Complex I–IV respiratory supercomplexes.
- Scavenges reactive oxygen species via the 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) residue at position 2, a radical sink that quenches oxidative damage at the membrane source.
- Resists protease degradation through the D-stereochemistry of the position-1 arginine, extending functional half-life relative to all-L peptides.
- Improves electron-transport-chain coupling and ATP-synthesis efficiency in permeabilized cardiac and skeletal-muscle fibers, measurable by high-resolution respirometry.
- Carries no cell-surface receptor activity, placing it in a small class of mitochondria-localizing research compounds.
SS-31 Research Applications
- Cardiolipin binding studies in isolated mitochondria and inner-membrane vesicle preparations.
- ROS-scavenging assays leveraging the dimethyltyrosine radical-sink mechanism.
- Electron-transport-chain efficiency in permeabilized cardiac and skeletal-muscle fibers — supercomplex assembly and Complex I–IV coupling.
- Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury models in rodents, testing mitochondrial protection during reperfusion.
- Primary mitochondrial myopathy research using tafazzin (TAZ) knockdown Barth-syndrome models.
- Neuroprotection in retinal ganglion cell cultures and models of dry AMD, glaucoma, and LPS-induced cognitive impairment.
Why Buy SS-31 from Koi Peptides?
- Every batch of Koi SS-31 is synthesized and lyophilized in the United States, then released against independent third-party laboratory (Freedom Diagnostics Testing) testing.
- Each lot is tested by HPLC for purity, LC-MS for identity confirmation including the non-canonical dimethyltyrosine residue, and endotoxin assay for sterility readiness.
- The lot ID is printed on every vial and ties back to a public COA library, so researchers can verify documentation before they buy and after the vial arrives.
- Orders placed before 2 PM CT ship the same business day, and shipping is free on orders over $200.
- Zhao, K., et al. (2004). Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279(33), 34682–34690. doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402999200
- Szeto, H. H. (2008). Mitochondria-targeted cytoprotective peptides for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 10(3), 601–619. doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1892
- Birk, A. V., et al. (2013). SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 24(8), 1250–1261. doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012121216
- Szeto, H. H., et al. (2011). Mitochondria-targeted peptide accelerates ATP recovery and reduces ischemic kidney injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 22(6), 1041–1052. doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2010080808
- Mitchell, W., et al. (2020). SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295(21), 7452–7469. doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.012287
- Karaa, A., et al. (2018). Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in primary mitochondrial myopathy. Neurology, 90(14), e1212–e1221. doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005255
- Reid Thompson, W., et al. (2021). Phase 2/3 trial of elamipretide in Barth syndrome. Genetics in Medicine, 23(3), 471–478. doi.org/10.1038/s41436-020-01006-8
- Allen, M. E., et al. (2020). Elamipretide alters cardiolipin in cardiac mitochondria. Communications Biology, 3, 389. doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-1101-3
- Chiao, Y. A., et al. (2020). Late-life restoration of mitochondrial function reverses cardiac dysfunction in old mice. eLife, 9, e55513. doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55513
Regulatory Status
For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. SS-31 is supplied to qualified research professionals for in vitro laboratory study. It has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Koi Research Labs LLC is a chemical supplier, not a compounding pharmacy under 503A nor an outsourcing facility under 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. By purchasing, the buyer agrees this material will not be introduced into humans or animals. Misuse may violate federal, state, or local laws.
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